To this and other disasters, Romanians reacted (and still react) with glum jokes: Bucharest became Ceaushwitz, Ceaushima, Paranopolis; the dynasty that ruled them represented socialism in one family. But gallows themselves were less evident than gallows humor.

For nearly the whole of the next century [c. 13th century], Gujarat remained independent. Perhaps "no other Indian dynasty put up a more sustained or successful resistance against the Muslims for a longer period.